/*=========================================================================

 Program:   Visualization Toolkit
 Module:    vtkSMPThreadLocal.h

 Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
 All rights reserved.
 See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

    This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
    the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
    PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
// .NAME vtkSMPThreadLocal - A TBB based thread local storage implementation.
// .SECTION Description
// A thread local object is one that maintains a copy of an object of the
// template type for each thread that processes data. vtkSMPThreadLocal
// creates storage for all threads but the actual objects are created
// the first time Local() is called. Note that some of the vtkSMPThreadLocal
// API is not thread safe. It can be safely used in a multi-threaded
// environment because Local() returns storage specific to a particular
// thread, which by default will be accessed sequentially. It is also
// thread-safe to iterate over vtkSMPThreadLocal as long as each thread
// creates its own iterator and does not change any of the thread local
// objects.
//
// A common design pattern in using a thread local storage object is to
// write/accumulate data to local object when executing in parallel and
// then having a sequential code block that iterates over the whole storage
// using the iterators to do the final accumulation.
//
// .SECTION Warning
// There is absolutely no guarantee to the order in which the local objects
// will be stored and hence the order in which they will be traversed when
// using iterators. You should not even assume that two vtkSMPThreadLocal
// populated in the same parallel section will be populated in the same
// order. For example, consider the following
// \verbatim
// vtkSMPThreadLocal<int> Foo;
// vtkSMPThreadLocal<int> Bar;
// class AFunctor
// {
//    void Initialize() const
//    {
//        int& foo = Foo.Local();
//        int& bar = Bar.Local();
//        foo = random();
//        bar = foo;
//    }
//
//    void operator()(vtkIdType, vtkIdType) const
//    {}
// };
//
// AFunctor functor;
// vtkParalllelUtilities::For(0, 100000, functor);
//
// vtkSMPThreadLocal<int>::iterator itr1 = Foo.begin();
// vtkSMPThreadLocal<int>::iterator itr2 = Bar.begin();
// while (itr1 != Foo.end())
// {
//   assert(*itr1 == *itr2);
//   ++itr1; ++itr2;
// }
// \endverbatim
//
// It is possible and likely that the assert() will fail using the TBB
// backend. So if you need to store values related to each other and
// iterate over them together, use a struct or class to group them together
// and use a thread local of that class.

#ifndef vtkSMPThreadLocal_h
#define vtkSMPThreadLocal_h

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma push_macro("__TBB_NO_IMPLICIT_LINKAGE")
#define __TBB_NO_IMPLICIT_LINKAGE 1
#endif

#include <tbb/enumerable_thread_specific.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma pop_macro("__TBB_NO_IMPLICIT_LINKAGE")
#endif

#include <iterator>

template <typename T>
class vtkSMPThreadLocal
{
  typedef tbb::enumerable_thread_specific<T> TLS;
  typedef typename TLS::iterator TLSIter;

public:
  // Description:
  // Default constructor. Creates a default exemplar.
  vtkSMPThreadLocal() {}

  // Description:
  // Constructor that allows the specification of an exemplar object
  // which is used when constructing objects when Local() is first called.
  // Note that a copy of the exemplar is created using its copy constructor.
  explicit vtkSMPThreadLocal(const T& exemplar)
    : Internal(exemplar)
  {
  }

  // Description:
  // Returns an object of type T that is local to the current thread.
  // This needs to be called mainly within a threaded execution path.
  // It will create a new object (local to the thread so each thread
  // get their own when calling Local) which is a copy of exemplar as passed
  // to the constructor (or a default object if no exemplar was provided)
  // the first time it is called. After the first time, it will return
  // the same object.
  T& Local() { return this->Internal.local(); }

  // Description:
  // Return the number of thread local objects that have been initialized
  size_t size() const { return this->Internal.size(); }

  // Description:
  // Subset of the standard iterator API.
  // The most common design pattern is to use iterators in a sequential
  // code block and to use only the thread local objects in parallel
  // code blocks.
  // It is thread safe to iterate over the thread local containers
  // as long as each thread uses its own iterator and does not modify
  // objects in the container.
  class iterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, T> // for iterator_traits
  {
  public:
    iterator& operator++()
    {
      ++this->Iter;
      return *this;
    }

    iterator operator++(int)
    {
      iterator copy = *this;
      ++this->Iter;
      return copy;
    }

    bool operator==(const iterator& other) { return this->Iter == other.Iter; }

    bool operator!=(const iterator& other) { return this->Iter != other.Iter; }

    T& operator*() { return *this->Iter; }

    T* operator->() { return &*this->Iter; }

  private:
    TLSIter Iter;

    friend class vtkSMPThreadLocal<T>;
  };

  // Description:
  // Returns a new iterator pointing to the beginning of
  // the local storage container. Thread safe.
  iterator begin()
  {
    iterator iter;
    iter.Iter = this->Internal.begin();
    return iter;
  };

  // Description:
  // Returns a new iterator pointing to past the end of
  // the local storage container. Thread safe.
  iterator end()
  {
    iterator iter;
    iter.Iter = this->Internal.end();
    return iter;
  }

private:
  TLS Internal;

  // disable copying
  vtkSMPThreadLocal(const vtkSMPThreadLocal&) = delete;
  void operator=(const vtkSMPThreadLocal&) = delete;
};

#endif
